Microbiological evaluation of cosmetics products sourced in Aba city, Nigeria

Authors

  • Peace N. Ibegbulam-Njoku Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia state, Nigeria
  • Chinenye C. Chijioke-Osuji Department of Theoritical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20161273

Keywords:

Cosmetcs, Preservative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albican

Abstract

Background: Cosmetics are external preparations normally applied to human body parts mainly for beautifying, cleansing and protecting. These products are basically non-sterile but must be completely free of high-virulence microbial pathogens. Production of stable cosmetics products require integrated quality management system which consists of quality raw material, proper product formulation, hygienic design of production facilities, good production hygiene process, packaging containers and a validated preservative system. Inadequately preserved products can provide conducive environments for microorganisms especially in the tropical region. The objective of this study is to assess the microbial quality of some selected brands of cosmetics produced in the country and sold within the commercial city of Aba, Abia state of Nigeria thus to note the health hazards consumers are exposed to.

Methods: Twenty brands of commercially available Cosmetic products manufactured in Nigeria were evaluated for their microbial quality using standard procedures.

Results: There was no viable bacterial growth in 40% of the samples tested and no yeast growth in 65% of the samples tested. 35% of the products indicated < 300 CFU /g of samples tested. The predominant bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococci aureus. Preservative efficacy tests carried out on the products using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 showed only 30% of the products tested were adequately preserved.

Conclusions: The poor microbiological quality of the preparations investigated can be attributed to either the formulation of these brands or environmental conditions during the manufacturing process. It is hoped that the training of the personnel that handle these processes will improve cosmetic products quality in Nigeria.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abdelaziz AA, Ashour MSE, Hefni H, El-Tayeb O. Microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in Egypt, Eye shadows, mascaras and face creams. J. Clin. Pharm. Therap 1989:14-21.

Abu Shaqra Q.M, Al-Groom R.M. Microbiological quality of hair and skin care cosmetics manufactured in Jordan. Int Biodeter Biodegrad. 2012;69:69-72.

Acharjee M, Rahman F, Jahan F, Noor R. Bacterial proliferation in Municipal water supplied in Mirpur locality of Dahka city , Bangladesh. CLEAN- Soil Air water, 2013. http//dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/clen.201200618.

Álvarez-Lerma F, Maull E, Terradas R, Segura C, Planells I, Coll P. Moisturizing body milk as a reservoir of Burkholderia cepacia: outbreak of nosocomial infection in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Critical Care. 2008;12:10.

Anelich L.E, Korsten L. Survey of micro-organisms associated with spoilage of cosmetic creams manufactured in South Africa. International J Cosmetic Sci. 1996;8:25-40.

Anon. ISO/WD 11930 cosmetics evaluation of the antimicrobial protection of cosmetic products. 2008

Behravan J, Bazzaz F, Malaekeh P. Survey of bacteriological contamination of cosmetic creams in Iran. Int J Derm. 2005;44:482-5.

Birteksoz T.A.S, Tuysuz M, Otuk G. Investigation of preservative efficacy and microbiological content of some cosmetics found on the market. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2013;26(1):153-7.

Bos CE, Van Doorne H, OLerk CF. Microbiological stability of tablets stored under tropical conditions. Inter J Pharm. 1989;55:175-83.

Brannan D.K. Biology of microbes. In: Geis PA editor. Cosmetic microbiology, 2nd ed. Taylor-Francis Group, New York. 2006:19-69.

Chessbrough M. Distinct Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. 2005;2:62-70.

Campana R, Scesa C, Patrone V, Vittoria E, Baffone W. Microbiological Study of Cosmetic Products during their use by Consumers: Health Risk and Efficacy of Preservative Systems, Lett. Appl Microbiol. 2006;43:301-6.

Detmer A, Jergensen C, Nylen D. A guidance document on microbiology control of cosmetic products- Environmental Project No.1336. Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency. 2010:1-43.

Gad GFM, Aly RAI, Ashour MSI. Microbial evaluation of some non sterile pharmaceutical preparations commonly used in the Egyptian market. Trop J Pharm Res. 2011;10(4):437-45.

Gamal MAB, Abo Azza MM, Al Gayeed AOA, Sawan MS. Microbiological Quality Assessment of Some Brands of Cosmetic Creams Sold Within Alkhoms City, Libya. IOSR J Dental and Med Sci (IOSR-JDMS). 2015;14(2):60-5.

Geis PA. Preservation strategies. In: Geis PA editor. Cosmetic microbiology, 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis Group, New York, 2006:163-180.

Hugbo PG, Onyekweli AO, Igwe I. Microbial Contamination and Preservative Capacity of some Brands of Cosmetic Creams. Tropi J Pharm Res. 2003;2(2):229-43.

Kamal KD, Kazi KF, Ifra TN, Rashed N. Prevalence of Micro Organisms in Commonly used Cosmetics Samples in Dhaka metropolis. J. Pharm and Sci. Innovation. 2013;2(6):7-9.

Khanom S, Das KK, Banik S, Noor R. Microbiological analysis of liquid oral drugs available in Bangladesh. Int J Pharm Pharma Sci. 2013;5(4):479-82.

Larone DC. Medically Important Fungi: A guide to identification. American Society of Microbiology. 3th ed. Washington DC. 1995:77-81.

Lund W. The pharmaceutical codex 12th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press 1994.

Lundov MD, Zachariae C. Recalls of microbiologically contaminated cosmetics in EU from 2005 to May 2008. Int. J. Cosmetic Sci. 2008;30:471-4.

Noor R, Acharjee M, Ahmed T, Das KK, Paul L, Munshi S. Microbiological study of major sea fish available in local markets of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 2013; 2(4):2420-30.

Okeke IN, Lamikanra A. Bacteriological quality of skin-moisturizing creams and lotions distributed in a tropical developing country. J Appl Microbiol. 2001;91:922-8.

Onurdag FK, Ozgen S, Abbasologu D. Microbiological investigation of used cosmetics samples. Hacettepe Uni J faculty Pharm. 2010;30(1):1-16.

Rahman F, Noor R. Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in common salad vegetable of Dhaka Metropolis. Bang J Bot. 2012;41(2):159-62.

Siegert W. Microbiological Quality Management for the Production of Cosmetics and Detergents. J. For Applied Sciences Personal Care, Detergents and Specialties. SOFW Journal. 2012;138:1-9.

The United States pharmacopeia. Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2003;26:Chapt 51.

The United States pharmacopeia. Microbial Limits Tests. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2003; 26: Chapt. 61.

Urmi NJ, Ahmed T, Acharjee M, Das KK, Noor R. Microbiological analysis and detection of antibacterial activity of salad vegetable found in Dhaka metropolis, Bangladesh. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2013. PMid 235700009 PMCid: PMC3609385.

Wong S, Street D, Delgado SI, Klontz KC. Recalls of foods and cosmetics due to microbial contamination reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. J. Food Prot. 2000;63:1113-6.

Downloads

Published

2016-04-25

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles