International Journal of Scientific Reports

Nanoparticle based drug delivery system: opportunities, challenges and mathematical modeling approaches in cardiovascular disease

Nivedita Gupta, Anjali Bharti, Rajesh Kumar — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0530

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common health problem worldwide and remains the leading cause of death and disease burden globally today. In recent years the increasing incidence of heart problems at younger ages has further exacerbated the situation. Furthermore, the rising cost of treatment places a significant financial burden on patients. Conventional treatment methods often face challenges such as non-targeted delivery, immediate release, short half-life and side effects. Considering these challenges nanoparticle-based drug delivery system has emerged as an increasingly effective technology. After successful use in cancer therapy, these techniques are now using their significant benefits in the treatment of CVD. Nanoparticle have the potential to deliver drugs at specific disease sites in a targeted manner, ensure controlled release, reduce side effects and improve drug biodistribution, thereby increasing treatment efficacy. Metal-based, lipid-based and polymer-based nanoparticles are considered suitable option for the therapy of CVD. In this review, we discuss how nanoparticles significantly improve upon conventional drug delivery systems by providing better targeting, controlled drug release, and reduced side effects and also cover mathematical modeling approaches that make nanoparticles more effective such as drug release models, drug diffusion model in heart tissue and non-Newtonian fluid models. These models help predict drug concentration, release rate and target site penetration making treatment more precise and personalized.

Understanding resilience among adolescents: an overview

Smitha Soman, Riaz Karoly Marakkar — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0530

Adolescence signifies a vital stage in human development characterised by intense physical, cognitive, emotional, and social transitions that bridge the gap between childhood and adulthood. During this stage, adolescents face multiple challenges such as mood fluctuations, social pressures, identity conflicts, academic expectations, exposure to online stressors, and engagement in risk-taking behaviours. These factors can heighten susceptibility to psychological difficulties; however, adolescence also provides a unique window to strengthen resilience that shapes long-term mental and emotional health. Resilience refers to the ability to maintain or regain positive functioning in the face of hardship, stress, or trauma. It is not a fixed trait but a dynamic process influenced by individual attributes, interpersonal relationships, and contextual environments. Fostering resilience during adolescence contributes to better emotional well-being, improved academic outcomes, and stronger social relationships while reducing vulnerability to anxiety, depression, and behavioural problems. Comprehensive approaches, including mindfulness training, social and emotional learning, mentoring relationships, and positive school environments, have demonstrated success in enhancing coping capacities and self-efficacy. Building resilience thus requires collaboration among parents, educators, and community systems to create nurturing contexts that empower adolescents. Strengthened resilience not only helps adolescents to navigate immediate life challenges but also equips them with enduring skills to manage stress, pursue goals, and contribute constructively to society. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resilience and the strategies to promote it remains essential for stakeholders seeking to advance adolescent mental health and holistic development. This review explores the concept of resilience, its major protective factors, and evidence-based strategies to enhance resilience among adolescents.

Role of microbial inoculants in liquid fertilizers for next generation farming

Shraddha Dehure, Sujata A. Mankar — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0530

Background: Microbial inoculants are an important part of the integrated nutrient supply systems as they are a cost-effective and renewable source of plant nutrients, which complements chemical fertilizers and support sustainable farming. Liquid formulations of microbial inoculants typically are broth based, oil, or polymer-based products. Biofertilizer in form of liquid broth is a special formulation containing large number of desired microorganisms with maximum shelf life and minimum contamination.

Methods: For present study, Soil survey and isolation of microbes was done. Results were showing that the growth of microbial inoculants on yeast extract MMannitol Agar (YEMA), Jensen’s Media, Mannitol Ashby agar medium, Pikovskaya’s (PVK) medium, NBRIP National Botanical Research Institutes’s medium, and Azospirillum media, Bunt and Rovira agar medium prominently very effective for carrier based liquid biofertilizers.

Results: Isolation of Rhizobium, Azotobactor, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and different formulation are prepared at laboratory scale and carrier based microbial inoculants were also prepared and having very good shelf life.

Conclusions: Different formulation of liquid inoculants are recomended for farming. Nitrogen fixer, phosphate solubilizer, potassium solubiliser, zinc solubiliser play important role in next generation farming.

Effectiveness of knotless barbed suture compared with vicryl suture in impacted third molar surgery: a randomized split-mouth study

Zaleeka Nazir Neelambra, George Skariah P. — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0530

Background: Wound closure following surgical extraction of impacted third molars directly influences postoperative recovery. Conventional vicryl sutures require knot placement, which prolongs closure time, increases infection risk, and may cause uneven tissue tension. Knotless barbed sutures eliminate these drawbacks through self-anchoring barbs. Objectives were to compare knotless barbed sutures with conventional vicryl sutures for soft tissue wound healing, wound closure time, postoperative pain, and trismus following bilateral impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Methods: A randomized split-mouth design was employed in 15 patients (aged 18-50 years) undergoing bilateral mandibular third molar extraction. One side received 3-0 knotless barbed sutures (study group); the contralateral side received 3-0 polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) sutures (control group). Parameters assessed on postoperative days 3 and 7 included wound healing (Landry-Turnbull index), suturing time (stopwatch), pain VAS (Visual analog scale), and trismus (maximal interincisal distance via Vernier caliper). Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.

Results: Barbed sutures demonstrated significantly shorter closure time (2.6±0.35 min vs. 4.06±0.38 min; p<0.001), superior wound healing scores on day 7 (4.87±0.34 vs. 3.53±0.50; p<0.001), and lower pain scores on day 7 (0.87±0.88 vs. 2.0±0.89; p=0.002). No statistically significant difference in trismus was observed between groups at any time point.

Conclusions: Knotless barbed sutures are a clinically superior alternative to vicryl sutures for closure after impacted third molar surgery, offering faster wound closure, improved healing, and reduced postoperative pain.