International Journal of Scientific Reports

Pattern of emergency laparotomy in El Obied Hospital, Western Sudan

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Background: Emergency laparotomy is a common surgical procedure, performed for a wide variety of intra-abdominal pathologies.

Methods: this study is a prospective, descriptive for pattern of emergency laparotomy conducted at El Obeid Hospital during the period of one-year 2021. The data was collected by questionnaire from all patients who were subjected for emergency laparotomy and fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Results: There were 72 patients, 45 males (62.5%) and 27 (37.5%) females, with male to female ratio 1.7: 1. The majority of the patients were less than 40 years of age (84.8%) and the main age ± standard deviation of 24.65±16.202 years. The common indications are traumatic acute abdomen found in 26 patients (36%), perforated hollow viscous in 26 patients (36%) and acute intestinal obstruction in 20 patients (27.8%). The major cause of perforated hollow viscous was acute appendicitis in 21 patients (81%). Four patients developed surgical site infection and one of them developed a partial burst abdomen. The mortality rate was 1.7%.

Conclusions: The most common indications for emergency laparotomy were abdominal trauma, perforated appendicitis and acute intestinal obstruction. The majority of the patients were discharged in good condition.

Susceptibility profile of the population to artemether, lumefantrine, dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine for samples transported in a formulated transport media and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid anticoagulants: a study conducted in Maseno area, Western

Scolastica C. Korir — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Background: In vitro sensitivity testing is one of the preferred methods of measuring susceptibility and undertaking surveillance of antimalarial drug efficacy. This method is able to measure Plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to several antimalarial drugs simultaneously, away from the influence of host immune related factors. The technique is being transitioned to ex vivo requiring tests on fresh sample. Such in vitro studies of field P. falciparum have been attributed to diminished viability as they transition from host ecosystem to lab conditions due to lack of a proper medium to stabilize the parasites. It is therefore imperative to calibrate the sample stabilization media to reduce artificial effects to the assay This study was meant to evaluate the effect of a formulated transport medium (TM) on viability of Plasmodium. The study assayed standard clones (W2 and 3D7), field isolates and compared the results with other published findings to come up with antimalarial susceptibility profile of the region.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 322 assenting individuals from Maseno division visiting Chulaimbo Sub county hospital and confirmed positive for malaria. Each sample, split in to EDTA versus TM was analysed for susceptibility to artemether (ART), lumefantrine (LUM), dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and piperaquine (PPQ) using malaria SYBR green assay. IC₅₀ was determined for each sample between TM and EDTA using dose response curves.

Results: Results showed that the IC₅₀ values of the field isolates in EDTA were higher although not significant (p=0.99, 0.74, 0.68, 0.82 for ART, LUM, DHA and PPQ respectively) than those in the TM. Among the clones, PPQ was the only drug with a high significant IC₅₀decrease (p<0.001) in TM for the W2 and a moderately significant decrease (p=0.028) in EDTA for 3D7 clone.

Conclusions: Lower IC₅₀ values recorded by the field isolates against the antimalarials were indicative of their high susceptibility to the drugs.

Factors influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviour in South Indian region

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified COVID-19 as a novel lung condition caused by an emerging virus. Socioeconomic factors significantly influence preventive behaviours like handwashing, wearing masks, social distancing, coughing cover, and avoiding touching the face to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Aim was to determine factors influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviour among selected households.

Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study with 700 samples was conducted from July 2023 to November 2024 that collected quantitative data using an interviewer-administered questionnaire that was converted to Open Data Kit, a mobile data tool in South Indian region. Objective of study was to determine the association between socio-demographics, knowledge and preventive COVID-19 behaviours in this township residence over the age of 18 years old. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t-test, and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the data.

Results: The overall mean score of knowledge related to COVID-19 was 25.95±7.07, whereas 37.48±15.05 was for preventive behaviours. After multiple linear regression, participants who living in urban, single, passed high educational status, family members who had COVID-19 history, COVID-19 patients who had underlying diseases reported higher preventive behaviour where as participants who had co morbidity reported lower performing preventive COVID-19 behaviours. Those participants with higher knowledge scores reported higher preventive COVID-19 behaviours (β=0.312, p=0.000).

Conclusions: Public health interventions should utilize these experiences to effectively communicate and promote preventive measures, thereby enhancing the targeting and impactful nature of future infectious disease prevention efforts.

Membranous glomerulonephritis: a case report

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530

A clinical case is presented with the aim of performing an analysis that allows to provide timely and comprehensive care to patients diagnosed with kidney diseases such as membranous glomerulonephritis, characterized by edema of the lower limbs, fatigue, and loss of protein in the urine. The case is a 55-year-old male patient who came to the NAPOLEÓN DÁVILA CÓRDOVA hospital because of anasarca and dyspnea with medium to minimal effort. Paraclinical tests are performed where leukocytosis with neutrophilia, slight elevation of creatinine and CRP, proteinuria, with hypoalbuminemia are evident; abdominal ultrasound reports significant ascites. In this context of a patient with generalized edema plus proteinuria and reduced albuminemia, nephrotic syndrome is suspected, for which reason measures are initiated to achieve a negative balance and with the diagnostic suspicion, a renal biopsy is performed in which a membranous lesion pattern + PLA 2R positive in basal membranes is reported. Analyzing the presentation of the patient's symptoms, it can be classified as idiopathic. The importance of diagnosing membranous glomerulonephritis is demonstrated.