Prevalence of pressure injury and associative factors among adult ICU patients admitted to selected governmental hospitals in South Nation Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia, 2023

Workneh Elias; Ayalnesh Zemene; Kibatu Gebre; Wondimagegn Gananeh; Tsehaynesh Deneke; Habtamu Bekele

doi:10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20254110

Authors

Workneh Elias Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
Ayalnesh Zemene Department of Maternity and Reproductive Health, St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kibatu Gebre Department of Nursing, St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Wondimagegn Gananeh Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
Tsehaynesh Deneke Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
Habtamu Bekele Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20254110

Keywords:

Pressure injury, Prevalence, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue is known as pressure injury. It still affects about 3 million persons worldwide and is a serious health issue for intensive care unit patients.

Methods: Using an institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study design, 336 adults were admitted to intensive care units in three chosen hospitals in South Nation Nationalities between March 10 and April 10, 2023, to evaluate the prevalence of pressure injuries and related factors. A multistage sampling strategy was used to contact each study participant individually. SPSS version 26 statistical software was used to examine the data after it was entered into EPI-data version 4.6. To evaluate statistical relationship utilizing the odds ratio, descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were calculated. Statistical significance was evaluated using a p-value of less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence range.

Results: 53 (16.9%) 95% CI (12.98–20.82) participants in a sample of 336 patients hospitalized to intensive care units suffered pressure injury. 16.9% of people had pressure injuries overall. Pressure damage development was observed to be substantially correlated with the following factors: age above 50 years, co-morbidity condition, mechanical ventilation requirement and bathing and messaging after intensive care unit admission.

Conclusions: The occurrence of pressure injuries was significant among patients admitted to adult Intensive Care Units. It is recommended to carry out a prospective study to explore the incidence and related factors of pressure injuries in patients admitted to adult Intensive Care Units.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Belachew T. Prevalence and associated factors of pressure ulcer among adult inpatients in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Prevalence. 2016;6(11):41-8.

Kifle F. Intensive care in sub-Saharan Africa: a national review of the service status in Ethiopia. Anesthesia Analgesia. 2022;134(5):930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000005799

Muhammed EM. Nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer and its associated factors at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018. BMC Nurs. 2020;19(1):1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-00446-6

Team DSC. Medicine and T.G. Collaborators, Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(2):160-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06327-5

Tschannen, D., C. Anderson, The pressure injury predictive model: a framework for hospital‐acquired pressure injuries. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(8):1398-421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15171

Serrano ML. Risk factors for pressure ulcer development in Intensive Care Units: A systematic review. Medicina Intensiva. 2017;41(6):339-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medine.2017.04.006

Zhang, X. The global burden of decubitus ulcers from 1990 to 2019. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01188-4

Cox J. Predictors of pressure ulcers in adult critical care patients. American J Crit Care. 2011;20(5):364-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2011934

Angmorterh SK. A narrative review on pressure ulcer (PU) studies relevant to medical imaging. Pan African Med J. 2020;36(1):857. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.36.66.19431

Shiferaw WS, Aynalem YA, Akalu YA. Prevalence of pressure ulcers among hospitalized adult patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Dermatol. 2020;20(1):1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12895-020-00112-z

Ebrahim J. Prevalence and factors associated with pressure ulcer among patients admitted in Hawassa University Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia. J Health Care Prev. 2018:1(105):22.

Alderden J. Risk factors for pressure injuries among critical care patients: a systematic review. International J Nurs Stud. 2017;71:97-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.03.012

Assefa TF, Mamo D, Shiferaw. Prevalence of bed sore and its associated factors among patients admitted at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2017 cross-sectional study. Orthoped Rheumat J. 2017;8(4):74-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19080/OROAJ.2017.08.555743

Bergstrom, N., The Braden Scale for predicting pressure sore risk. Nurs Res. 1987;36(4):205-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198707000-00002

Souza TMP. Pressure injury in critically ill patients: prevalence and associated factors. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30886/estima.v22.1519_IN

Berihu H. Practice on pressure ulcer prevention among nurses in selected public hospitals, Tigray, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2020;13(1):207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-05049-7

Charalambous C. The Impact of Stress on Pressure Ulcer Wound Healing Process and on the Psychophysiological Environment of the Individual Suffering from them. Med Arch. 2018;72(5):362-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2018.72.362-366

Medeiros AB. Predictors of pressure ulcer risk in adult intensive care patients: A retrospective case-control study. Int Critical Care Nurs. 2018;45:6-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2017.09.007

Bereded DT, Salih MH, Abebe AE. Prevalence and risk factors of pressure ulcer in hospitalized adult patients; a single center study from Ethiopia. BMC Res. 2018;11(1):1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3948-7

Lin FF. Pressure injury prevalence and risk factors in Chinese adult intensive care units: A multi‐centre prospective point prevalence study. Int Wound J. 2022;19(3):493-506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13648

Cox J. Pressure injuries in critical care patients in US hospitals: results of the International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Survey. J Wound, Ostomy Cont Nurs. 2022;49(1):21-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/WON.0000000000000834

Källman, U. Pressure ulcer prevalence and prevention interventions–A ten‐year nationwide survey in Sweden. Int Wound J. 2022;3:875-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13779

Gedamu HM, Hailu A, Amano. Prevalence and associated factors of pressure ulcer among hospitalized patients at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Adv Nurs. 2014;2:7587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/767358

Gökdemir S, Aslan M. Main Factors Regarding Pressure Injury in Intensive Care Unit Patients and the Effects of Nursing Interventions. Turkish J Inten Care. 2024;22(1):31-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2023.37267

Chung ML. Risk factors for pressure injuries in adult patients: a narrative synthesis. Int J Env Res Publ Health. 2022;19(2):761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020761