Effectiveness of lifestyle modification in managing thyroid dysfunction and hypertension risks during pregnancy: evidence from a pre-post interventional study

Abstract

Background: Thyroid dysfunction and hypertension are prevalent comorbidities during pregnancy, contributing to higher risks of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and adverse fetal outcomes. Traditional management relies on pharmacological intervention, but there is growing interest in the role of lifestyle modifications in reducing these risk factors and improving pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: A pre-post interventional study was conducted from 19 June 2024 to 31 December 2024 involving pregnant women (gestational age 12–20 weeks) with mild to moderate thyroid dysfunction (TSH>2.5mIU/l) and at risk for hypertension. Participants underwent a 12-week structured lifestyle program consisting of counseling, improved diet, increased physical activity and stress reduction techniques such as mindfulness and yoga. Clinical and biochemical parameters including thyroid profile (TSH, T3, T4), blood pressure and pregnancy outcomes were measured before and after the intervention. Self-reported adherence and participant feedback were also collected.

Results: After the intervention, mean TSH levels significantly decreased (pre: 3.8±0.6, post: 2.4±0.4) and the incidence of gestational hypertension dropped (from 18% to 7%). Over 75% of participants reported strong adherence to the intervention and described improvements in energy, stress levels and overall pregnancy experience.

Conclusions: Targeted lifestyle modifications comprising diet, exercise and stress management are effective in managing thyroid dysfunction and reducing hypertension risk in pregnant women. These interventions not only improve clinical and biochemical outcomes, but also enhance patient satisfaction and quality of life. Integration of structured lifestyle guidance in routine prenatal care is highly recommended.