Nanoparticle based drug delivery system: opportunities, challenges and mathematical modeling approaches in cardiovascular disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20261084Keywords:
Nanoparticles, Cardiovascular disease, Drug delivery system, Conventional drug deliveryAbstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common health problem worldwide and remains the leading cause of death and disease burden globally today. In recent years the increasing incidence of heart problems at younger ages has further exacerbated the situation. Furthermore, the rising cost of treatment places a significant financial burden on patients. Conventional treatment methods often face challenges such as non-targeted delivery, immediate release, short half-life and side effects. Considering these challenges nanoparticle-based drug delivery system has emerged as an increasingly effective technology. After successful use in cancer therapy, these techniques are now using their significant benefits in the treatment of CVD. Nanoparticle have the potential to deliver drugs at specific disease sites in a targeted manner, ensure controlled release, reduce side effects and improve drug biodistribution, thereby increasing treatment efficacy. Metal-based, lipid-based and polymer-based nanoparticles are considered suitable option for the therapy of CVD. In this review, we discuss how nanoparticles significantly improve upon conventional drug delivery systems by providing better targeting, controlled drug release, and reduced side effects and also cover mathematical modeling approaches that make nanoparticles more effective such as drug release models, drug diffusion model in heart tissue and non-Newtonian fluid models. These models help predict drug concentration, release rate and target site penetration making treatment more precise and personalized.
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