Microbiological contamination and content of heavy metals in unlined landfill sites of Ulaanbaatar

Authors

  • Minjmaa Byamba-Ochir Department of Ecology, School of Agroecology, Mongolian University of Life Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  • Oyunchimeg Tugjjav Department of Ecology, School of Agroecology, Mongolian University of Life Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20193164

Keywords:

Municipal solid waste, Waste disposal, Soil pollution, Waste management

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate bacterial and heavy metal pollution in four landfill sites of Ulaanbaatar. Surveyed landfills included closed and currently operating unlined landfills.

Methods: In order to sample, we divided each landfill sites into three zones including zone 1: cover soil or in the boundary of the landfill, zone 2: from the boundary of the landfill to hygiene zone (25 м2 to 500 м2 out of cover soil), zone 3: from hygiene zone to settlement areas and compared the pollution.  

Results: The titre of Cl. perfringens, presence of Salmonella and total bacteria were not significantly different for landfill sites. The titre of E. coli and the titre of Proteus for industrial landfill site were significantly different than other sites. The titre of E. coli and the titre of Proteus for the zone 1 were significantly different than the zone 3. The presence of Salmonella and the total bacteria for the zone 1 was significantly different than the zone 2 and zone 3. The titre of Cl. perfringens was not significantly different for landfill zones. The bacterial indicators were not significantly different for seasons of the year. Content of heavy metals in soil landfills were Pb 0.1-63 mg/kg, Cr 0.4-5124 mg/kg, Ni 3.2-84 mg/kg, Zn 21.7-776 mg/kg, Cd 0.01-2.8 mg/kg.

Conclusions: Microbiological contamination and content of heavy metals in closed unlined landfill are not different from currently operating unlined landfills.

 

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

El-Fadel M, Findikakis AN, Leckie LO. Environmental impacts of solid waste landfilling. J Environ Manage. 1997;50:1–25.

Swati, Ghosh P, Das MT, Thakur ISh. In vitro toxicity evaluation of organic extract of landfill soil and its detoxification by indigenous pyrene-degrading Bacillus sp. ISTPY1. Int Biodeter Biodeg. 2014;90:145–51.

Adamcová D, Vaverková MD, Barton S, Havlícek Z, Broušková E. Soil contamination in landfills: a case study of a landfill in Czech Republic. Solid Earth. 2016;7:239-47.

Teta Ch, Hikwa T. Heavy Metal Contamination of Ground Water from an Unlined Landfill in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. J Health Pollution. 2017;15:18-27.

Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism Mongolia. State of the Environment Report Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar, 2015-2016: 218-220.

Breza-Boruta B, Lemanowicz J, Bartkowiak A. Variation in biological and physicochemical parameters of the soil affected by uncontrolled landfill sites. Environ Earth Sci. 2016;75:201.

Raman N, Narayanan DS. Impact of solid waste effect on ground water and soil quality nearer to Pallavaram solid waste landfill site in Chennai. Rasayan J Chem. 2008;4:828-36.

Minjmaa B, Oyunchimeg T. Effect of Landfills in Ulaanbaatar on Environment. Mongolian J Agricultural Sci. 2017;1:65-172.

Bouzayani F, Aydi A, Abichou T. Soil contamination by heavy metals in landfills: measurements from an unlined leachate storage basin. Environ Monit Assess. 2014;186:5033–40.

Igborgbor JC, Ogu GI. Microbial Assessment of Air In The Vicinity Of Some Dump Sites in Delta State. IOSR J Engineering. 2015;1:07-15.

Ogunmodede OT, Ojo AA, Adebayo OL. Assessment of Microbial and Heavy Metal Concentration per Distance and Depth at a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill. Int Letters Natural Sci. 2014;22:1-13.

Obasi NA, Akubugwo EI, Ugbogu OC, Otuchristian G. Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties and Heavy Metals Bioavailability in Dumpsites along Enugu-port Harcourt Expressways, South-east, Nigeria. Asian J Applied Sci. 2012;5:342-56.

Osazee OJ, Obayagbona ON, Daniel EO. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses of top soils obtained from four municipal waste dumpsites in Benin City, Nigeria. Int J Microbiol Mycol. 2013;1:23-30.

Integrated Legal Information System. Fact sheet: Order No. 404 of Mongolian Minister of Nature and Environment (2006). Procedure for activities of individuals, business entities and organizations to landfill and requirements for waste disposal and destruction, dedicated facility, landfill type. Available at: http://www.legalinfo.mn/annex/ details/5151?lawid=8119. Accessed on 28 June 2019.

Integrated Legal Information System. Fact sheet: Law on waste, 2017. Available at: http://www.legal info.mn/law/details/12652. Accessed 28 June 2019.

National standard system. Fact sheet: MNS 3298-90 Environmental protection. Soil. General requirements on the probe for analytical purposes. https://www.estandard.gov.mn/file.php?sid=1389. Accessed on 18 March 2018.

National standard system. Fact sheet: MNS 2305:1994 Soils. Sampling, packing, transformation and keeping of samples. Available at: https://www.estandard.gov.mn/file.php?sid=1408. Accessed on 18 March 2018

National standard system. Fact sheet: Black CA (1965) Methods of Soil Analysis: Part I Physical and mineralogical properties. Madison, Wisconsin

National standard system. Fact sheet: Jackson M.L (1969) Soil chemical analysis - Advanced course. Wisconsin Madison, Wis. 1969.

National standard system. Fact sheet: MNS 9297:1991 Environment protection. Soil. The indicator of norm sanitation for soil communities. Available at: https://www.estandard.gov.mn/file. php?sid=1388. Accessed on 18 March 2018.

ISO 9308-1:2014 Water quality — Enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria — Part 1: Membrane filtration method for waters with low bacterial background flora.

MNS 5668: 2006 Examination of biological properties of water. Method for microbiological of waste water, 2006.

ISO 14189 Water quality — Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens — Method using membrane filtration.

ISO 19250:2010 Water quality — Detection of Salmonella spp.

Netrusov AI, Egorova MA, Zakharchuk Practice microbiology. Academy, Moskva; 1993.

Obire O, Nwaubeta O, Adue SBN. Microbial community of a waste-dump site. J Appl Sci Eniron Mgt. 2002;6(1):78-83.

Kalwasińska A, Swiontek-Brzezinska M, Burkowska A. Sanitary Quality of Soil in and near Municipal Waste Landfill Sites. Pol J Environ Stud. 2012;6:1651-7.

National standard system. Fact sheet: MNS 5850: 2008 Soil quality. Soil pollutants and substance. 2008. Available at: https://www.estandard.gov. mn/file.php?sid=436. Accessed on 18 March 2018.

Minjmaa B, Oyunchimeg T. Sources of heavy metal contamination in landfill soil covers of Ulaanbaatar. Mongolian J Agricultural Sci. 2017;22(03):140-4.

Kasassi A, Rakimbei P, Karagiannidis A, Zabaniotou A, Tsiouvaras K, Nastis A, et al. Soil contamination by heavy metals: Measurements from a closed unlined landfill. Bioresource Technol. 2008;99(18):8578-84.

Aydi A. Assessment of heavy metal contamination risk in soils of landfill of Bizerte (Tunisia) with a focus on application of pollution indicators. Environ Earth Sci. 2015;74:3019–27.

Dong JH, Yu M, Bian ZF, Wang Y, Di CL. Geostatistical analyses of heavy metal distribution in reclaimed mine land in Xuzhou. China. Environ Earth Sci. 2011;62(1):127–37.

Burkowska A, Brzezinska MS, Kalwasińska A. Impact of the Municipal Landfill Site on Microbiological Contamination of Air. Contemporary Problems of Management and Environmental Protection. 2011;9:71-87.

Shaikh Parveen R, Bhosle Arjun B, Yannawar Vyankatesh B. The impact of landfill on soil and groundwater quality of the Nanded city, Maharashtra. Researcher. 2012;4(7):56-63.

Inanc B, Idris A, Terazono A, Sakai Sh. Development of a database of landfills and dump sites in Asian countries. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag. 2004;6:97–103.

Idris A, Inanc B, Hassan MN. Overview of waste disposal and landfills/dumps in Asian countries. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag. 2004;6:104–10.

Wen X, Luo Q, Hu H, Wang N, Chen Y, Jin J, et al. Comparison research on waste classification between China and the EU, Japan, and the USA. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag. 2014;16:321–34.

Tanaka N, Tojo Y, Matsuto T. Past, present, and future of MSW landfills in Japan. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag. 2005;7:104–11.

Akinbile ChO, Yusoff MS. Environmental Impact of Leachate Pollution on Groundwater Supplies in Akure, Nigeria. Int J Environ Sci Develop. 2011;2(1):81-6.

Raisi SAHA, Sulaiman H, Suliman FE, Abdallah O. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Leachate of an Unlined Landfill in the Sultanate of Oman. Int J Environ Sci Develop. 2014;5(1):60-3.

Downloads

Published

2019-07-24

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles